Test+2

Group I -Key themes: fighting/war, two argumentative sides · **Stamp Act-** Act by Britain to raise taxes because they were broke from the French and Indian War also to gain revenues for the British military. The tax said that all paper goods were taxed, and each paper had a different tax which was an inconvenience to the colonists because paper was such a common item. This angered the colonists because they felt they were being taxed unfairly, since they did not have representation in the British government. The colonist think that they should not be taxed by someone who does not understand the situation that they are in and that the tax is too heavy. Want to be represented by someone and think that the general assembly is the only one who has the right to tax them. Started by Colonists. The British soldiers in colonies were making money. When the American colonists starting to rebel. British troops are then “standing guard” in colonies and it scared them. The colonists start taunting the soldiers and in attempt to calm crowd a British soldier fires- hell breaks loose Adopted by Continental Congress in 1775, which was after Bunker Hill where Americans killed many British Troops. This Petition pledged loyalty to the king of Britain and begged him to stop his attacks. King George III refused and officially declared the colonists in rebellion, making them "treasonous". This was a debate about representation of the states between New Jersey, which was the smaller state and wanted equal representation, and Virginia, which was the larger state and wanted representation to be based on government. Instead the government chose the Connecticut Plan. **Connecticut Plan.** Government decided that they were going to create 2 houses: and upper house (the Senate) and a lower house (the House of Representatives). In the upper house, everyone would be allotted 2 people to be in the senate representing their state whereas in the lower house, the number of representatives would be based on each states' population however, every state had to have at least one. Every state will have at least 3 people in governed (2 senators and 1 representative) -Anti-Federalists did not support the Constitution. They were scared that by signing this document, they would be giving too much power to the government and that this would create a large power struggle and eventually lead to tyrannical rule. They were afriad that a strong central government would take power from the small states. Also were worried becuase there was no bill of rights for the people. examples of Anti-Federalists: Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee
 * · “Boston Massacre”-** Britain stationed soldiers in American towns as a threat, one day colonists were geering and throwing rocks at the soldiers, a soldier took a shot in the air, and all hell broke loose.
 * · Olive Branch Petition**
 * · “Great Compromise”-**
 * · Anti-Federalists**

Group II - key topic- each of these ideas involves the desire of separation from britain Was started in Mass. by Samuel Adams, designed to promote opposition to British policy, led to the creation of the House of Burgesses in VA in 1773, all of the above helped lead to the first American Congress. The purpose of the committees of correspondence was to spread the spirit of revolution throughout the colonies. A central committee was created in Virgina that all of the idea went through, which made it easier to spread these revolution ideas. In April 1775 the British commander in Boston sent a detachment of troops to Lexington and Concord. They were to seize stores of colonial gunpowder and also to be the :rebel” ring leaders (Samuel Adams and John Hancock) At Lexington colonial “minute men” refused to disperse rapidly enough and shots were fired and killed 8 Americans. In Concord the redcoats were forced to retreat by the rough and ready Americans. Britain now had a war on its hands. This is before Shay’s Rebellion. It was the first set of laws for national government. The national government is very weak and the national government couldn’t do anything like tax or military. Later they notice that the articles are weak and know they need to come up with a way to better manage government so they don’t have a rebellion a Constitution. This was a firm league of friendship.The purpose was for the states to support each other, and help each other out in times of battle. It was also formed to help protect their liberty. ·Is made after Shay’s Rebellion which leads people to know they need to strengthen national government. The National government cannot set taxes or raise an army- “its affirm league of friendship” and later they realize they need more. In 1 787 some people meet to strengthen articles. there they realize “tweaking” it wont be enough and decide to make constitution. At the meeting they could not agree. It has 3 branches to check balance of power. What they couldn't agree on: Representation The Virginia Plan- congress with 1 house and number of representatives is determined by the population The New Jersey Plan- everybody is equal and each state gets 1 vote.1 house. Want this because otherwise the big states always win Also Issue with slave trade: Congress debate weather to abolish slavery- say no but say that slave trade will be stopped. Slave states push and say they will not sign unless they get 20 years of slave trade not being touched Group III - each of these terms is involves a fight to change, and reforming government - Va and Maryland tried to tigten their control, but many slaves joined a brigade led by Dunmore. - made a negative impact on the economy of America, because it lost many slaves from them escaping their master's plantations and moving to Britiain in hopes of joining the army and gaining freedom. - many slaves were evacuated to England, Novia Scotia and Jamaica Richard Henry Lee of VA proposed it June 1776. Was written by Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamen Franklin. Accepted July 4th 1776. Justified that the colonists were right in cutting ties with Britain, then it went on to list all/many of King George III's mistakes. Was a slave who sued her Mass. master for her freedom and won. Her case led to similar cases in Mass, which eventually led to the complete abolishment of slavery in Mass. She was a key figure in the abolition movement · Before: Outside of Richmond Gabriele Prosser organizes slaves using a revolutionary riderick (?) and plans rebellion o Before rebellion occurs it is uncovered so it never happens · Small farms are being stretched for post war repression · In Massachusetts Daniel Shays leds rebellion- the farmers rebel for lower taxes · They fought the revolution to get out of taxes from the kings and then wealthy land owners tax them the same · Small farmers think: If only a few wealthy men can control politics then what was the point of the revolution o Think taxes should be lowered and the wealthy shouldn’t come and buy all of the land · After the rebellion the wealthy think they are rebels playing it simple; they don’t understand that some people are better at running a government than others · After: Jefferson wrote a letter and said people like shay keep the government honest like the colonists did in the revolutionary war · Leads people to strengthen national government
 * · committees of correspondence**
 * · Lexington and Concord-** the first battle of the Revolution
 * · Articles of Confederation**
 * · Federalists-** supported a strong national government and believed that the government would be responsive to the people. They created a government with a system of checks and balances to assure the people that not one person can become tyrannical in the government. Federalists who helped create the Bill of Rights (compromise between anti federalists & federalists) included: James Madison, John Jay, & Alexander Hamilton.
 * · Constitution-**
 * · Dunmore’s Proclamation**- Royal governors of Virginia. It says if slaves go fight for British army they will get freedom. It completely undermines colonists. It occurs during the during revolution. Some slaves do leave but after the revolution the leftovers are heard and talk about more rights.
 * · Declaration of Independence**
 * · Mum Bett (Elizabeth Freeman)**
 * · Shays’ Rebellion-** Small farmers rebelled against the Massachusetts government to gain more rights for the average man.

· About slaves · Should slaves be counted for population (house of representatives) · People in non slave states say no because they don’t have equal rights and the owners count them as property · They say a slave counts as 3/5 of a person · For every 5 slaves 3 of them will be counted for representation · Issue with salve trade- o Congress debates weather to abolish slavery- say no but say that slave trade will be stopped. § Slave states push and say they will not sign unless they get 20 years of slave trade not being touched
 * · Three-Fifths Compromise**