Test+1

Test 1 Review (Colonial America)
 Group I (common themes: slaves, indentured servents) · Joint-stock company (e.g., Virginia Company of London)- recieved a charter from King James I to settle Jamestown (2nd Effort in starting an establishment in the New World) · Plantation system- one large landowner and many slaves. As people (indentured servants) begin to live longer they got their own land and plantation owners were in need of more slaves. · Bacon’s Rebellion- a rebellion of Indentured servants lead by Nathanial Bacon against the government W. Berkely who favors the Indians and will not support the Indentured servants gaining land. Berkeley, who used taxes for his own private affairs, cared more about the relationships with the Indians than with the concerns of fellow English men because Berkley wanted to keep peace in the colony and make money. · Stono Rebellion- (1739) slaves armed themselves and tired to march to "Spanish-Florida" to find freedom. The slaves burned 7 plantations and killed 20 white people on their way through. As word got around the whites rebelled against the slaves. 40 slaves were killed and the rest were captured by the white plantation owners. It was an unsuccessful rebellion. · Slave codes- Restriction that defined slavery in racial terms. rules for slaves; put restrictions on the slaves; also put restrictions on the slaveowners (so they wouldn't free the slaves)   Group II · the Atlantic World- (includes South Africa, Africa, North Africa and Europe) - there were many advances in technology and slaves trades in factories like Elmina · “factories” (e.g., Elmina)- where slaves were traded in the Atlantic World · colonial consumerism- BEAVER Hats. British Americans were free from Britain to live and have the freedom they wanted, however they were tied to Britain by their manufactured consumer goods. Everybody across the spectrum able to afford these things (like target) and Power spreads throughout culture. · Enlightenment -reason is truth -time when focus was taken away from Puritanism and new ideas were introduced -gaining ideas on how the government should work -They adopted ideas such as natural rights and the rights of man, as well as the social contract between the people and their government. -People began to believe in a secular city upon a hill rather than religious.
 * · “middle passage”**- the middle passage was a triangular trade route that went across the atlantic ocean and reached from the new world to Africa. It is used to trade goods and slaves. It makes trading goods and slaves become easier which allows goods to become more available in the colonies. Having goods become more availiable makes them cheaper for the colonist.
 * -**time of advancement

 Group III · “city upon a hill”- An ideal religious and free community set for others to follow and look up to. -idea introduced to people by Winthrop- a puritan minister who came over to new world -were tired to Anglican church and wanted to set an example of new pure church in New World · Land ownership v. land use - Indians believe that the land is not owned but can be used by everyone.British crush this idea by distributing and selling land and prohibiting the Indians from using it.  · Metacom (King Philip)- 1665: Metacom attacks religious communities in New England because he had had enough of the English settlers taking Indian land. They fail in their attack and 4000 Indians die, including Metacom. The Puritans take this as one of the many signs that God is unhappy with the way that they are living. This theory later leads to the Salem Witch Trials, and searching for evil doers in their communities. · Salem Witch Trials- In Salem, people were accused of witchcraft because bad things happened in the community that could not be explained. This person was believed to be inhabited by the devil. In Salem and the areas around began accusing people of using Witchcraft because they were suspected of being inhabited by the devil. Puritans fearful that they are failing in the sight of God and accusing people in the community of being witches becomes a scapegoate. There are social tensions between eastern and western people and there is a fear of loss of power.  · “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”-  i. An image explained by Jonathan Edwards during the Awakening. He tried to persuade people to live a life closer to God, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> ii. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">involves the idea of predestination and how you can change it if you make amends with God <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">People should repent and be afraid of the wrath of God. Group IV · Jamestown - founded 1607; Virginia Company of London paid for settlement in Jamestown; Things were tough in the beginning, but things got better - first successful tobacco crop in 1617 - First successful ENGLISH colony in the New World · “American exceptionalism” · George Whitefield <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">**French and Indian War-** Biritsh, French, Indians all have an interest in Ohio river valley. All competiting for this land and this is called the "French and Indian War". Colonist begin to see oppertunity for new wealth so begin coming here. The Indians have a problem with the colonist expanding to under Pontiac started a revolt but it is at a standstill, no one is winning or losing. The British won the French and Indian war and gain much land. However, they dont know what to do with this land so the Proclamatin on 1763 is formed. This is to help keep control of all their land. This proclomation says that no English can go west of the mountain range. ALong the line 7000 troops are placed. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"> Group V · Calvinism/Puritanism -they unite to make Christianity more pure -believe in predestination -push each other to do well as God’s pleasure -failure was a sign of his displeasure -they came to the new world to escape the corrupt Anglican church -wanted to create a pure city upon a hill
 * · Proclamation of 1763**-

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"> · Anne Hutchinson She was cast out from Puritan society for challenging traditional views. She said that " If everyone's faith is determined, why live by God's authority? Because there is nothing you can do to chanage the faith. " - (another way to say it...) If predenstination, then why do we live by morality? · Half-Way Covenant -modified the agreement between the church and its adherents: to admit to baptism but not “full communion” (the unconverted or children) -it weakened the distinction between the “elect” and the others -dramatized the difficulty of maintaining at fever pitch the religious devotion of the founding generation

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0)"> · “Old lights” and “New lights”- old lights: people don't change, still believe in old relivious habits; new lights: revived religious men= wanted to form new segments of religion · Jonathan Edwards- Jonathan Edmwards first indruduced "The Great Awakening" to Northhampton, Massachisetts. He was decribe and as delicate and intellectual preacher. He preached that the folly beilving in salvation was through good works, he also preached that one should havea complete dependence from God's grace.